Solar Mobile Charger
Solar Mobile Charger
It works on the principle that when light falls on the
solar cell, electron -hole pairs are created in the n-type
emitter and in the p-type base.The generated electrons
(from the base) and holes (from the emitter) then
diffuse to the junction and are swept away by the
electric field, thus producing. Certain modules are
selected and worked out to suitable specifications. The
development of solar charger goes from the
fundamental level like soldering lamination and making
the panel etc. The developed charger is planned for 6
Volts with ma capacity at bright sunlight and step
down to 5Volts using regulator. In the report, the
detailed experimental characteristics of mobile charger
are noted.
Solar energy is the energy produced directly by the sun
and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun
creates its energy through a thermonuclear process.
The process creates heat and electromagnetic
radiation. Only a very small fraction of the total
radiation produced reaches the Earth. The radiation
that does reaches the Earth is the indirect source of
nearly every type of energy used today . The radiation
that does reach the Earth is the indirect source of
nearly every type of energy used today. The exceptions
are geothermal energy, and nuclear fission and fusion.
Even fossil fuels owe their origins to the sun; they
were once living plants and animals whose life was
dependent upon the sun. Much of the world's required
energy can be supplied directly by solar power. More
still can be provided indirectly. The practicality of doing
so will be examined, as well as the benefits and
drawbacks. In addition, the uses solar energy is
currently applied to will be noted.
Due to the nature of solar energy, two components are
required to have a functional solar energy generator.
These two components are a collector and a storage
unit. The collector simply collects the radiation that
falls on it and converts a fraction of it to other forms
of energy (either electricity and heat or heat alone).
The storage unit is required because of the non-
constant nature of solar energy; at certain times only a
very small amount of radiation will be received. At
night or during heavy cloud cover, for example, the
amount of energy produced by the collector will be
quite small. The storage unit can hold the excess
energy produced during the periods of maximum
productivity, and release it when the productivity drops.
In practice, a backup power supply is usually added,
too, for the situations when the amount of energy
required is greater than both what is being produced
and what is stored in the container
Photovoltaic Cell
The term "photovoltaic" comes from the Greek (photo)
means "light", and "voltaic", means electric ,from the
name of the Italian physicist “VOLTA "after whom a
unit of electro-motive force, the volt is named. The sun
is a star made up of hydrogen and helium gas and it
radiates an enormous amount of energy every second .
A photovoltaic cell is an electrical device that convert
the energy of light directly into electricity by
photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaics is the field of
technology and research related to the practical
application of photovoltaic cells in producing electricity
from light, though it is often used specifically to refer
to the generation of electricity from sunlight. Cells can
be described as photovoltaic even when the light
source is not necessarily sunlight (lamplight, artificial
light, etc.). In such cases the cell is sometimes used
as a photodetector (for example infrared
detectors,detecting light or other electromagnetic
radiation near the visible range, or measuring light
intensity.
The operation of a photovoltaic (PV) cell requires 3
basic attributes: The absorption of light, generating
either electron-hole pairs or excitons. The separation
of charge carriers of opposite types. The separate
extraction of those carriers to an external circuit. In
contrast, a solar thermal collector collects heat by
absorbing sunlight, for the purpose of either direct
heating or indirect electrical power generation.
"Photoelectrolytic cell" (photoelectrochemical cell), on
the other hand, refers either a type of photovoltaic cell
(like that developed by A.E. Becquerel and modern
dye-sensitized solar cells or a device that splits water
directly into hydrogen and oxygen using only solar
illumination. Photovoltaic power generation employs
solar panels composed of a number of solar cells
containing a photovoltaic material. Materials presently
used for photovoltaics include monocrystalline silicon,
polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, cadmium
telluride, andcopper indium gallium selenide/sulfide.
Due to the increased demand for renewable energy
sources, the manufacturing of solar cells and
photovoltaic arrays has advanced considerably in
recent years. Solar photovoltaics is a sustainable
energy source. By the end of 2011, a total of 71.1 GW
had been installed, sufficient to generate 85 TWh/
year.And by end of 2012, the 100 GW installed
capacity milestone was achieved. Solar photovoltaics is
now, after hydro and wind power, the third most
important renewable energy source in terms of globally
installed capacity. More than 100 countries use solar
PV. Installations may be ground-mounted (and
sometimes integrated with farming and grazing) or built
into the roof or walls of a building (either building-
integrated photovoltaics or simply rooftop).
Driven by advances in technology and increases in
manufacturing scale and sophistication, the cost of
photovoltaics has declined steadily since the first solar
cells were manufactured, and the levelised cost of
electricity (LCOE) from PV is competitive with
conventional electricity sources in an expanding list of
geographic regions. Net metering and financial
incentives, such as preferential feed-in tariffs for solar-
generated electricity, have supported solar PV
installations in many countries.With current technology,
photovoltaics recoup the energy needed to
manufacture them in 3 to 4 years. Anticipated
technology would reduce time needed to recoup the
energy to 1 to 2 year.
Solar Mobile Charger Unit
• Portable Solar Mobile Charger for mobile phone can
be charged with Sun light and electrical power. It
stores power from the sun and charge mobile
phone,iPod,etc.
• Solar cell phone chargers use solar panels to charge
cell phone batteries. They are an alternative to
conventional electrical cell phone chargers and in some
cases can be plugged into an electrical outlet.
• There are also public solar chargers for mobile
phones which can be installed permanently in public
places such as streets, park and squares.
• The model which is according to European
Commission proclaimed as the first in the world is the
Strawberry Tree, public solar charger invented by
Strawberry energy Company. This solar station won the
first place at "EU Sustainable energy week (EUSEW)
2011" in the Consuming category.
• Some models of cell phones have a built in solar
charger and are commercially available for GSM
cellphone models.
• Solar cell phone chargers come in different shapes
and configurations including folding and rotating types.
Specifications of Charger
• Uses high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon
• Solar panel: 5.5V/1000mA
• Output voltage: 5.5V
• Output current: 300-550mA
Design of Charger
• A multicrystallinesolar cell is taken and its cut into 12
parts.
• By taking tabbing wire and applying flux, paste is
done .
• This is done from top of one cell to bottom of the
other cell. They are connected in series. The above
process is continued for remaining cells.
• A wire comes from positive side of cell and another
wire comes from the negative side.
• The whole arrangement is then placed on top of an
acrylic sheet,teflon.
• On top these panels EVA is placed and are attached
with feviquick
• These wires are connected to the terminals of a
regulator.
• Using multimeter we verify the voltage is brought
down to 5 V.
• Regular terminals are further connected to
multipincable.
The pin is then connected to mobile to charge it
